July 2007, FEAR bulletins with associated articles

Because most news media links are short lived, for educational purposes we have attached the full text of each article over two weeks old linked in the FEAR-List Bulletins below. 


www.fear.org:
Second Circuit Orders Government to Honor Settlement Agreement

www.fear.org:
DEA threatens 150 Los Angeles landlords with forfeiture and prison

San Francisco Chronicle:
OAKLAND - Seizure lawsuit settled

Los Angeles Times Editorial:
New challenges for medical marijuana
The Drug Enforcement Administration goes after landlords who rent to dispensaries.

  
Fox40 News:
CALIFORNIA: Court Rules Car Seizures Illegal



From:    owner-fear-list@mapinc.org on behalf of Judy Osburn [openi420@starband.net]
Sent:    Wednesday, July 11, 2007 12:47 PM
To:    FEAR-list
Subject:    FEAR: SECOND CIRCUIT ORDERS GOVERNMENT TO HONOR SETTLEMENT AGREEMENT

Now at www.fear.org:

Congratulations to attorney Steven Kessler, for this July 2 appeals court
victory! 
Steven frequently contributes pleadings to FEAR's Brief Bank II, where his
Brief to the Second Circuit is available along with the Government’s Brief .

Second Circuit Orders Government to Honor Settlement Agreement

by Judy Osburn

Assistant U.S. Attorney Tracey Knuckles resigned in the midst of arranging
for return of fifty percent of $660,200 in seized currency pursuant to an
in-court settlement agreement. At the same time the government suddenly
attempted to renege on its settlement agreement, painting a picture of fear
with unsubstantiated assertions that claimants intended to use the money to
fund terrorism. The government also claimed that former AUSA Knuckles had no
authority to enter the government into a binding settlement agreement–at
least not where the government later cries “terrorism case!”

“Settlement agreements are contracts” stated the Second Circuit Court of
Appeals on July 2, 2007, and affirmed the district court’s order enforcing
the settlement agreement in United States v. $660,200. The appellate court
agreed with the district court’s finding that Assistant U.S. Attorney Tracey
Knuckles and her supervisor (who was transferred on or about the same time
that Ms. Knuckles resigned) had actual and apparent authority to enter into
the in-court settlement. 1

Arguing that it should be allowed to renege on its settlement agreement, the
government had contended that it should not have to comply with the law and
rules where it alleges threats to “national security.”2  Claimant Sami
Khalil’s attorney, Steven Kessler, opened his summary argument to the Second
Circuit:

With Old Glory waving behind it, appellant [Government] asserts, in the very
first paragraph of its Preliminary Statement, that this is a terrorism case.
Appellant uses appropriate catchwords and attempts to paint a picture of
fear around appellee and the defendant funds. However, once the arguments
begin and the facts of the settlement and the court’s decisions below
unfold, appellant’s arguments for reversal of the district court’s orders
have little, if anything, to do with terrorism.

Kessler’s client, claimant Sami Khalil, had never been charged with any
crime related to the civil forfeiture proceeding. The only charges filed
against anyone in relation to the seized currency were for failure to report
currency carried while attempting to board a commercial flight to Egypt–not
terrorism. The government’s own agent had testified that, even under the
government’s version of the facts, there was no question that at least
$275,000 of the seized currency belonged to Mr. Khalil, who submitted sworn
explanations of the source and purpose of the defendant currency supported
with extensive documentation.

The district court found the government had drafted the eight-page
settlement agreement, which it now wanted to renege on, and transmitted it
to the claimants and their counsel, who signed and returned the document
without any changes. The government provided forms for wiring the claimants’
share of the settlement to their attorneys’ escrow account, and the
claimant’s attorneys quickly transmitted those forms to appropriate Treasury
officials.

On April 13, 2005, attorney Steven Kessler spoke briefly about the wire
transfer arrangement with AUSA Tracey Knuckles. That conversation turned out
to be the defense attorney’s last communication with Ms. Knuckles. Over the
next six weeks Kessler attempted to was unable to reach her, or find out
anything about what had happened to the settlement arrangements. Then, on
June 1, 2005, he learned that Ms. Knuckles had resigned and the government
had just as suddenly decided to renege on the settlement agreement. Kessler
then moved the district court to enforce the settlement. The court granted
an Enforcement Order and the government submitted a brief letter requesting
the court to reconsider its decision.

The district court determined that a hearing was necessary to establish an
accurate record regarding the government’s request for reconsideration of
the Enforcement Order. Before a hearing date was set the court received a
letter from the government declining its chance to establish a record of the
facts and to elaborate on AUSA Knuckles’ conduct. The government’s letter
conceded that it had intended to enter into the in-court oral settlement
agreement, but claimed that its eight-page written agreement (which it had
sent to the claimants who signed and returned it to the government
unchanged) was not binding because “it was not executed on behalf of
plaintiff United States.”

One week later the government submitted a second letter to the district
court that completely contradicted the positions taken in its previous
submissions. The government now stated that it had not intended to enter
into a binding in-court settlement until it signed the eight-page agreement
that AUSA Knuckles had sent to claimants, and that she had no authority to
agree otherwise.

In reconsidering its Enforcement Order the district court found that the
government “made no attempt to explain AUSA Knuckles’ inaction, absence and
the communication void following her April 13, 2005 conversation with
Kessler, other than allusions to new information on terrorism.” It also
found that the in-court oral settlement was binding and enforceable and that
AUSA Knuckles and her supervisor AUSA Richard Weber (who had been promoted
to a position in Washington at or about the time of Ms. Knuckle’s
resignation) had both actual and apparent authority to enter into the
in-court settlement agreement. The district court also rejected the
government’s alternative, three-page terrorism argument alleging “material
misrepresentation” by claimant Khalil regarding the purpose of the defendant
currency.

Four months later the district court awarded costs and attorneys fees for
the enforcement action to claimant Khalil under the Equal Access to Justice
Act on the ground that the government was not “substantially justified” in
opposing the settlement. 3 The district court denied the government’s motion
to stay the Enforcement Order pending appeal. However, the government
subsequently obtained a stay from the Court of Appeals by asserting that
urgent national security concerns necessitated its refusal to honor the
settlement.

The government’s appeal to the Second Circuit sought to re-open the
forfeiture proceedings back to “the pre-trial stage where the government can
have the opportunity to prove that the defendant funds should be forfeited
in their entirety.” However, the original complaint sought forfeiture only
in connection with a co-claimant’s violation of currency reporting
requirements, not terrorism. If the appeals court granted the government’s
request to nullify the settlement and remand the case for trial, Kessler
argued, the government “could no longer play its previous game of litigating
failure to report while whispering about terrorism. On remand, the terrorism
whispers would have to be brought front and center. To do that, appellant
would have to assert a new forfeiture claim under a different statute… . In
other words, on remand, this would be a different case.”

Throughout the proceedings the government flip-flopped between claims of its
former prosecutor’s lack of authority to enter into a settlement agreement;
its intention, or alternatively its lack of intent, to enter into a
settlement agreement; and insinuations of “new evidence” of fraud and
terrorism. The Second Circuit found no merit in these arguments, nor the
government’s contention that it is entitled to vacate a settlement based on
assertions of national security, supported by nothing more than unsworn
statements by its counsel in legal memoranda.

The Second Circuit noted that, while the district court awarded attorney
fees pursuant to the Equal Access to Justice Act (EAJA), “it is presently an
open question whether the Civil Asset Forfeiture Reform Act4  (CAFRA)
displaces EAJA with respect to fees awarded in a civil forfeiture action,
and therefore whether any fee award to Khalil should have been made instead
under CAFRA.” However, since neither party had raised this issue, the
appellate court considered it waived and affirmed the grant of fees and
costs of enforcing the settlement to claimant Khalil.

Endnotes:

1.  The district court and the Second Circuit both “declined the
government’s invitation ‘to second guess the decisions of AUSAs Knuckles and
Weber [her supervisor who] assessed evidence that the money was linked to
terrorism, and nonetheless confirmed the settlement.’” United States v.
$660,200, _06-4148-cv (2007), quoting United States v. $660, 200, 423
F.Supp.2d 14, 34 (E.D.N.Y. 2006).

2.  The government sought an “extraordinary circumstances” reversal of the
district court’s Enforcement Order under Rule 60(b)(6).

3.  28 U.S.C. § 2412(d)(1)(A).

4.  28 U.S.C. § 2465.

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From:    owner-fear-list@mapinc.org on behalf of Judy Osburn [openi420@starband.net]
Sent:    Tuesday, July 17, 2007 2:24 PM
To:    FEAR-list
Subject:    FEAR: LA Times: "DEA targets landlords of pot outlets,"

July 17 Los Angeles Times:
"DEA targets landlords of pot outlets--About 150 L.A. owners are told they
could face jail and lose properties rented to dispensaries" at:
http://www.latimes.com/news/local/la-me-potlords17jul17,1,419789.story?ctrack=2&cset=true

FEAR's new article with link to copy of DEA letter at www.fear.org:

DEA threatens 150 Los Angeles landlords with forfeiture and prison


The U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration sent letters warning about 150 Los
Angeles landlords that they risk arrest and the loss of their properties if
they continue renting to cannabis dispensaries. A July 17 article in the Los
Angeles Times, "DEA targets landlords of pot outlets," details the latest
escalation in the federal war against state sanctioned medical marijuana.

Timothy J. Landrum, DEA special agent in charge of the Los Angeles office,
sent the two-page letter to landlords last week. These letters "are
definitely meant to serve as a notice" said DEA spokeswoman Sarah Pullen.
"What might happen as to the continuing investigations, we'll just have to
see." The letters were sent on the eve of a proposed city ordinance that
would regulate and place a cap on the number of cannabis outlets in the City
of Los Angeles, which now total more than 400.

The federal government has discouraged such regulation in other cities in
the greater Los Angeles area, leaving most cannabis dispensaries to operate
without any local regulation or oversight. In 2001 the feds shut down the
Los Angeles Cannabis Resource Center in West Hollywood and filed a civil
forfeiture complaint against the LACRC building that had been financed in
part by the City of West Hollywood. The City lost its hard-fought forfeiture
battle when the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals affirmed a summary judgment
forfeiting the City's $300,000 investment in the LACRC building.

More than 30 cannabis dispensaries soon sprung up in the local vicinity,
replacing the former LACRC that had operated in what Los Angeles Sherif
Leroy Baca described as "a cooperative partnership" with the Los Angeles
Sheriff's Department.  Having been punished for its oversight of the LACRC,
the City of West Hollywood declined to involve itself or its law enforcement
agencies in regulating the growing number of dispensaries.

As Dale Gieringer of the National Organization for Reform of Marijuana Laws
says, the recent DEA crackdown will likely result in widespread evictions
and shutdowns, but won't stop patients' use of marijuana. Rather, patients
who presently rely on the threatened dispensaries will be forced to find
cannabis on the illegal market, with all its associated risks.

The DEA's unwarranted attack on medical marijuana also comes just as
Congress is about to vote on a measure to deny federal funding for federal
medical marijuana raids, namely the Hinchey-Rohrabacher amendment. In the
meantime however, as the DEA letters state: "It is not a defense.that the
facility operating on the property is providing 'medical marijuana' under
California law including the provisions of California Prop. 215. Violation
of this law is a felony crime, and carries with it a penalty of up to 20
years in prison."

There is no legal defense to federal forfeiture laws for landlords who have
been put on notice that tenets are violating federal law. As the City of
West Hollywood discovered, civil forfeiture laws bypass even the slightest
chance of prevailing at trial - civil forfeiture proceedings in which owners
cannot claim a lack of knowledge of the federal violations occurring on
their property end in summary judgment without recourse to trial by jury.

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From:    owner-fear-list@mapinc.org on behalf of Brenda Grantland [bgrantland1@comcast.net]
Sent:    Thursday, July 19, 2007 10:59 AM
To:    fear-list@mapinc.org
Subject:    FEAR: CA:  Case challenging constitutionality of Oakland sideshow forfeiture ordinance settled

Former FEAR board member Mark Clausen has settled one of his taxpayer
suits challenging the constitutionality of a local forfeiture
ordinance.  He expects a ruling from the California Supreme Court on his
challenge to the Stockton forfeiture ordinance in a few weeks.

OAKLAND - Seizure lawsuit settled
<http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2007/07/19/BAGVGR2PHN1.DTL&hw=Oakland+forfeiture&sn=001&sc=1000>

    Henry K. Lee, San Francisco Chronicle, 07/19/07
    The city of Oakland has agreed to pay $70,000 to settle a lawsuit
    challenging a controversial ordinance allowing police to seize cars
    that are used in illegal car rallies known as sideshows, attorneys
    in the case said Wednesday. Although their cars weren't...

OAKLAND: Seizure lawsuit settled

Henry K. Lee, Chronicle Staff Writer

Thursday, July 19, 2007

The city of Oakland has agreed to pay $70,000 to settle a lawsuit challenging a controversial ordinance allowing police to seize cars that are used in illegal car rallies known as sideshows, attorneys in the case said Wednesday.

Although their cars weren't seized, Aram Sohigian and Sam Horton of Oakland said in their taxpayer suit that they didn't want their tax money used to enforce what they say is an illegal ordinance under which people's cars can be seized and sold -- rather than be impounded for 30 days as allowed under state law -- for such relatively minor crimes.

The suit also said hearings over whether police had legal grounds for the seizures are often delayed for up to six months and that those who hear the challenges are "unilaterally selected and paid by the city." The city attorney and police have a "pecuniary interest in the outcome of forfeiture proceedings," the suit said.

Without admitting wrongdoing, the Oakland City Council approved the settlement Tuesday night, said Erica Harrold, spokeswoman for City Attorney John Russo.

The parties decided to settle before an expected California Supreme Court ruling in the next two weeks on the legality of a similar ordinance in Stockton that allows for the seizure and sale of cars used by drug suspects and clients of prostitutes, the plaintiff's attorney, Mark Clausen, said Wednesday.

Oakland also has a separate ordinance authorizing car seizures in drug and prostitution cases. Lower courts have issued conflicting opinions on the legality of seizure laws in different cities in California. The state Supreme Court's ruling is expected to address the constitutionality of local car-seizure ordinances in general.

"Had we waited for a decision by the Supreme Court, it likely would have definitively dictated the outcome in favor of one party or the other," Clausen said. "So rather than each side taking a risk and going for broke, each side gave a little and found a middle ground."

As part of the settlement, the city must not seize cars used in sideshows until the Supreme Court rules, Clausen said.

"Plaintiffs cannot seem to understand that these matters are not frolics of departments of the city, but nuisance abatement actions directed against serious urban problems undertaken on behalf of the people of the city of Oakland," Deputy City Attorney Christopher Kee wrote in court papers.

In January, the state First District Court of Appeal ruled that a similar ordinance in Richmond is unconstitutional, because it doesn't entitle the owner to an early hearing to try to reclaim the car.

But the appeals court noted that the state Supreme Court would probably have the last word.

E-mail Henry K. Lee at hlee@sfchronicle.com.

This article appeared on page B - 8 of the San Francisco Chronicle


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Attachment: http://mapinc.org/temp/28tbExNYFMkSo.html
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From:    owner-fear-list@mapinc.org on behalf of Brenda Grantland [bgrantland1@comcast.net]
Sent:    Thursday, July 19, 2007 11:43 AM
To:    fear-list@mapinc.org
Subject:    FEAR: CA:  Editorial: defund DEA to prevent landlord forfeitures or kill civil forfeiture all together

http://www.latimes.com/news/opinion/la-ed-forfeiture19jul19,0,6978094.story?coll=la-opinion-leftrail

<><>New challenges for medical marijuana: The Drug Enforcement Administration goes after landlords who rent to dispensaries.July 19, 2007


THE DRUG ENFORCEMENT Administration has notified more than 150 Los Angeles
property owners that their fortunes and their sacred honor are forfeit to
the state. What crime must a landlady commit to deserve this punishment?
Renting to a tenant who operates a medical marijuana dispensary. The DEA
sent out letters last week notifying owners that they stand to lose their
properties and face 20 years in prison for allowing their buildings to be
used for "unlawfully … distributing or using a controlled substance."

The only good news in this deplorable new bullying tactic by the federal
drug cops is that if you're a property owner, your least-bad option is
fairly clear. You can honor the will of California voters, allow the
dispensary to stay and lose your property, or you can evict the tenant and
risk a costly lawsuit....

As they have for the last several years, Reps. Dana Rohrabacher
(R-Huntington Beach) and Maurice D. Hinchey (D-N.Y.) are sponsoring an
amendment that would kill funding for federal efforts to preempt state
medical marijuana initiatives, and although Congress should in general
avoid this kind of procedural finagling, it would at least halt the DEA's
efforts to thwart the will of voters and legislatures in 12 states. And if
the DEA refuses to listen, Congress should consider doing away with civil
asset forfeiture altogether.

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From:    owner-fear-list@mapinc.org on behalf of Judy Osburn [openi420@starband.net]
Sent:    Thursday, July 26, 2007 7:49 PM
To:    FEAR-list
Subject:    FEAR: CALIFORNIA: Court Rules Car Seizures Illegal

-----Original Message-----
From: owner-dpfca@drugsense.org [mailto:owner-dpfca@drugsense.org] On Behalf
Of Brett Stone
Sent: Thursday, July 26, 2007 4:35 PM
To: DPFCA; Dale Gieringer
Subject: DPFCA: CALIFORNIA: Court Rules Car Seizures Illegal

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CALIFORNIA: Court Rules Car Seizures Illegal


July 26, 2007

STOCKTON - A sharply divided state Supreme Court ruled Thursday that cities
can no longer seize automobiles whose drivers are arrested for allegedly
buying drugs or soliciting prostitutes.

The ruling overturns the laws of more than two dozen cities from Oakland to
Los Angeles that allowed police to seize an automobile immediately after the
driver's arrest.

The 4-3 ruling said only state law can mete out punishment for drug and
prostitution offenses and that without authorization from the California
Legislature, cities can't pass seizure ordinances that are harsher than
state and federal laws. Even drivers suspected of buying a small amount of
marijuana, which is a low-level crime punishable by a $100 fine, faced
seizures in many of the cities with the ordinances.

"The illicit commercial activities prostitution and trafficking in
controlled substances that are the focus of the City's vehicle forfeiture
ordinance are matters of statewide concern that our Legislature has
comprehensively addressed ... leaving no room for further regulation at the
local level," wrote Justice Joyce Kennard for the majority.

Lawyer Mark Clausen, whose lawsuit against the city of Stockton led to
Thursday's ruling, said that since Oakland instituted the first seizure law
in 1997, "several thousand" automobiles have been seized throughout the
state. He said most cities release the cars after drivers pay an impound fee
ranging from $200 to $2,000, depending on the city.

"These ordinances were just a public relations stunt," Clausen said
Thursday.

The state Supreme Court initially upheld the seizure laws in 2000 when it
refused to consider an appeals court decision upholding Oakland's ordinance.
Only after another appeals court ruled differently in 2005 did the Supreme
Court take up the issue.

Stockton's lawyer Joseph Quinn said the Legislature can "easily pick this
up" and pass a similar seizure law.

The ruling didn't address newer city laws that allow police to seize cars
allegedly participating in illegal street races and "sideshows."

But Clausen said he believes the ruling applies to those racing laws as
well. Last week, the city of Oakland paid Clausen $70,000 to settle his
lawsuit alleging that Oakland's racing law was unconstitutional. A similar
case is pending in Los Angeles.

Clausen has filed several related lawsuits throughout the state on behalf of
taxpayers who allege the seizure laws are unconstitutional. He was joined by
the Amercian Civil Liberties Union in the lawsuit against Stockton heard by
the Supreme Court.

Many urban city councils said they enacted the seizure laws as a way to
combat drug sales and prostitution and clean up some of their most blighted
neighborhoods.

"The ordinance speaks to a narrow, pressing and quite real local concern,"
Justice Carol Corrigan wrote in her dissent, arguing that the local
ordinances aren't in conflict with state law. "Street commerce in drugs and
sex forces innocent people to share their neighborhoods with pimps,
prostitutes, and drug dealers who use their streets as a bazaar for illegal
transactions."

Copyright (c) 2007, KTXL

http://fox40.trb.com/news/ktxl-072607car,0,5764223.story?coll=ktxl-news-1


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